As the web is being used for more and more tasks, expectations rise. Not only should web pages offer rich interaction, they must be responsive in both size and interaction.

This imposes a paradoxon that needs to be solved by building performing applications. It's not enough any more to have your web site do crazy stuff, it is also required to do it crazy fast. This card is intended to give you an introduction to this emerging aspect of web development.

Read this introductory [performance study on Pinterest](http://www.smashingmagazine.com/...

Was ist Elastic?

• Suchmaschine, basierend auf Apache Lucene
• größtenteils Open-Source
• einige kommerzielle Features ("Elastic Stack", früher "X-Pack")
  • Zugriffsrechte (bis vor kurzen)
  • Monitoring
  • Reporting
  • Graph-Unterstützung
  • Machine Learning
• REST-Api (JSON über HTTP)

Grundlagen

Elastic antwortet per Default auf Port 9200

http GET :9200

{
  "name": "ntK2ZrY",
  "cluster_name": "elasticsearch",
  "cluster_uuid": "Bbc-ix5bQZij5vfFU29-Cw",
  "version": {
    "number": "6.7.1",
    "build_flavor": "...

At makandra, we've built a few gems over the years. Some of these are quite popular: spreewald (> 1M downloads), active_type (> 1M downloads), and geordi (> 200k downloads)

Developing a Ruby gem is different from developing Rails applications, with the biggest difference: there is no Rails. This means:

• no defined structure (neither for code nor directories)
• no autoloading of classes, i.e. you need to require all files yourself
• no active_support niceties

Also, their scope...

If you have content inside a page that is hidden by CSS, the following will work with Selenium, but not when using the Rack::Test driver. The Selenium driver correctly only considers text that is actually visible to a user.

Then I should not see "foobear"

This is because the Rack::Test driver does not know if an element is visible, and only looks at the DOM.

Spreewald offers steps to check that an element is hidden by CSS:

Then "foo" should be hidden

You can also check that an el...

There is no CSS selector for matching elements that contains a given string ¹. Luckily, Capybara offers the :text option to go along with your selector:

page.find('div', text: 'Expected content')

You can also pass a regular expression!

page.find('div', text: /Expected contents?/i)

Note that if your CSS selector is as generic as div, you might get a lot more results than you expect. E.g. a <div class="container"> that surrounds your entire layout will probably also contain that text (in a descendant) and Capybara wil...

While it might seem trivial to implement an invoice that sums up items and shows net, gross and vat totals, it actually involves a lot of rules and caveats. It is very easy to create invoices where numbers don't add up and a few cents are missing. A missing cent is a big deal for an accountant, so it is important for your invoices to list correct numbers.

Note that this is not legal advice. Also note that while this note has a number of code examples in Ruby and MySQL, the concepts apply to all programming languages and data stores.

When ...

If you have installed Rubocop in your project, RubyMine can show you Rubocop violations immediately in your editor. You probably already know this feature.

Example

Enable/Disable marking

If your RubyMine does not show you any violations, although there are some, you may have to enable the setting first.

To do so, open Navigate -> Search Everywhere -> Actions (Or use the shortcut CTRL + SHIFT + A) and type in "rubocop", then you should see some...

Installation

You need to install the official plugin, it is not bundled with RubyMine by default.

Example: Setup a watcher to verify rubocop integrity

First, open Settings -> Tools -> File Watchers. Then, configure rubocop to check every change to the VCS:

Note that the "program" argument must be part of your $PATH. I worked around this constraint by using b as a shim for bundle exec.

Resources

• [File watchers documen...

curl-to-ruby is a handy tool that converts your curl command to ruby code that uses the Net::HTTP library.

Example

curl -X POST -d
  "grant_type=password&email=email&password=password"
  localhost:3000/oauth/token

will output to:

require 'net/http'
require 'uri'

uri = URI.parse("http://localhost:3000/oauth/token")
request = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri)
request.set_form_data(
  "email" => "email",
  "grant_type" => "password",
  "password" => "password",
)

req_options =...

If you want to see how long your database queries actually take, you need to disable MySQL's query cache. This can be done globally by logging into a database console, run

SET GLOBAL query_cache_type=OFF;

and restart your rails server.

You can also disable the cache on a per query basis by saying

SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM ...

You also probably want to disable Rails internal (per-request) cache. For this, wrap your code with a call to ActiveRecord::Base.uncached. For example, as an around_filter:

def disable_cache

...

A check if two date or time ranges A and B overlap needs to cover a lot of cases:

1. A partially overlaps B

2. A surrounds B

3. B surrounds A

4. A occurs entirely after B

5. B occurs entirely after A

This means you actually have to check that:

• neither does A occur entirely after B (meaning A.start > B.end)
• nor does B occur entirely after A (meaning B.start > A.end)

Flipping this, A and B overlap iff A.start <= B.end && B.start <= A.end

The code below shows how to implement this in Ruby on Rails. The example is a clas...

Rails gives you migrations to change your database schema with simple commands like add_column or update.
Unfortunately these commands are simply not expressive enough to handle complex cases.

This card outlines three different techniques you can use to describe nontrivial migrations in Rails / ActiveRecord.

Note that the techniques below should serve you well for tables with many thousand rows. Once your database tables grows to millions of rows, migration performance becomes an iss...