Browsers' printing methods usually don't print background colors. In most cases this is the desired behavior, because you don't want to spend tons of ink printing the background of a web page. But in some cases you want to print the background color of elements, e.g. bars of a chart. For those elements you need to set the following CSS styles:

-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; /* Chrome and Safari */
color-adjust: exact; /* Firefox */

Another case is printing of white text. When removing background colors, chances are white text n...

There is a kinda secret, yet well supported CSS feature called currentColor. It's like a special CSS variable that has been supported in almost all browsers for almost all time (see linked Caniuse).

Usage

The currentColor value can be used in CSS to indicate the current value of color should be used. A common use case is setting a border color:

a.ghost
  color: white
  border: 1px solid currentColor
  &:hover
    color: red // Border color will change as well 

Note that in many cases, you can simply omit the color to ac...

CarrierWave comes with some RSpec matchers which will make testing more comfortable. Let's say you have an Uploader like this:

class MyUploader < CarrierWave::Uploader::Base
  include CarrierWave::MiniMagick

  # Create different versions of your uploaded files:
  version :small do
    process resize_to_fill: [100, 100]
  end
  
  version :medium do
    process resize_to_fit: [200, nil]
  end
  
  version :large do
    process resize_to_limit: [400, 400]
  end

end

Imagine you have a class Movie with an attribute poster. In ...

Lets say we have a user with a contract whereas contract is a mounted carrierwave file.

Now we want to send the link to the contract in a mail. For this use case join the root_url with the public contract path in the mailer view:

Plain text email

URI.join(root_url, @user.contract.url)

HTML email

link_to('Show contract', URI.join(root_url, @user.contract.url).to_s)

Note: You need to follow [http://guides.rubyonrails.org/action_mailer_basics.html#g...

When you need test images, instead of using services like lorempixel or placehold.it you may generate test images yourself.

Here we build a simple SVG image and wrap it into a data: URI. All browsers support SVG, and you can easily adjust it yourself.
Simply set it as an image's src attribute.

JavaScript

Simple solution in modern JavaScript, e.g. for use in the client's browser:

function svgUri(text) {
  let svg = `
    <svg wid...

Boot partitions from installations prior to the 16.04 era are terribly small. When you install updates and encounter errors due to a full /boot partition, consider risizing it.

If you can't do the steps described below, ask someone experienced to help you out.
This has worked 100% so far. 1 out of 1 tries. ;)

Scenario A: There is unassigned space on your physical drive

When there is some unpartitioned space on your drive, increasing the size of /boot is actually very easy (even though the list below is rather long). It only takes a...

When you have string contents (e.g. a generated binary stream, or data from a remote source) that you want to store as a file using Carrierwave, here is a simple solution.

While you could write your string to a file and pass that file to Carrierwave, why even bother? You already have your string (or stream).
However, a plain StringIO object will not work for Carrierwave's ActiveRecord integration:

>> Attachment.create!(file: StringIO.new(contents))
TypeError: no implicit conversion of nil into String

This is because Carrierwav...

If you want to make a screenshot of a website that works well in print or on a high-DPI screen (like Apple Retina displays), here is how you can capture a high-resolution screenshot.

You can do this without an addon:

• Open the website
• If you have multiple monitoros:
  • Resize the Chrome window so it covers multiple monitors (in Linux you can hold ALT and resize by dragging with the right mouse button)
  • Zoom into the page using CTRL + and CTRL - so it covers most of the window area. Leave a little padding on the left and right so...

This cucumber step is useful for testing an image (looking at the src of the image).

Then(/^I should see the image "([^"]*)"$/) do |filename_with_extension|
  expect(page).to have_css("img[src*='#{filename_with_extension}']")
end

Then I should see the image "placeholder.png"

Outline: Read more about how to test a uploaded file here, e.g. file downloads.

TL;DR Use user.update!(remove_avatar: true) to delete attachments outside of forms. This will have the same behavior as if you were in a form.

As you know, Carrierwave file attachments work by mounting an Uploader class to an attribute of the model. Though the database field holds the file name as string, calling the attribute will always return the uploader, no matter if a file is attached or not. (Side note: use #present? on the uploader to check if the file exists.)

class User < ApplicationRecord
  mount :avatar, ...

The gist is:

• wrap the text with a span
• use line-height for the spacing between lines ("margin")
• use box-shadow to control the line background size ("padding")

Example

span
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px #fff
  background-color: #fff
  box-decoration-break: clone # Fix Firefox
  line-height: 2.2

→ [jsfiddle](https://jsfiddle.net/2fmqgbh...

Precondition

• You are not using javascript tests
• The file is served from a public folder (not via controller)

Problem description

If you deliver files from a public folder it might be that the Content-Disposition header is not set. That's why the following spreewald step might raise an error:

Then I should get a download with filename "..."

expected: /filename="some.pdf"$/
     got: nil (using =~) (RSpec::Expectations::ExpectationNotMetError)

Solution

One solution...

Slides for Henning's talk on Sep 21st 2017.

Understanding sync vs. async control flow

Talking to synchronous (or "blocking") API

print('script start')
html = get('/foo')
print(html)
print('script end')

Script outputs 'script start', (long delay), '<html>...</html>', 'script end'.

Talking to asynchronous (or "evented") API

print('script start')
get('foo', done: function(html) {
  print(html)
})
print('script end')

Script outputs 'script start', 'script end', (long ...

Let's say you have a folder images and want to to move all files in there to a new subfolder public.

cd images
mkdir public
mv !(public) public

The !(public) excludes the new subfolder itself from being moved.

Hack to implement an inverted "night mode" theme with a few lines of CSS.

Colors in images are preserved.

If you want to ssh into your vagrant box without switching into the project directory and typing vagrant ssh, you can also create an entry directly in ~/.ssh/config. This will allow you to use ssh <my-box> from anywhere. Simply paste the information provided by vagrant ssh-config to your ~/.ssh/config-File: vagrant ssh-config >> ~/.ssh/config

Example:

$ vagrant ssh-config
Host foobar-dev
  HostName 127.0.0.1
  User vagrant
  Port 2200
  UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
  StrictHostKeyChecking no
  PasswordAuthentication no
  Id...

Sometimes you add Paperclip image styles, sometimes you remove some. In order to only keep the files you actually need, you should remove stale Paperclip styles from your server.

This script has been used in production successfully. Use at your own risk.

# Config #######################################################################
delete_styles = [:gallery, :thumbnail, :whatever]
scope = YourModel # A scope on the class with #has_attached_file
attachment_name = :image # First argument of #has_attached_file
noop ...

Auto-cropping

ImageMagick can automatically crop surrounding transparent pixels from an image:

convert input.png -trim +repage output.png

You need to +repage to update the image's canvas, or applications will be randomly confused.
Trimming specific colors is also possible, see the documentation.

Resizing into a box

Occasionally, you want to resize an image to a maximum width or height, and change the "outer" image dimensions to something that won't match the input image.

To re...

When storing a file with Carrierwave, it is always cached prior to actually storing it (to support form roundtrips).

Carrierwave by default 1) copies the file to the cache and then 2) copies it again to its final destination (deleting the cached file immediately after storing). This means there are 3 (three) instances of a file on the disk at some point in time, and still 2 instances after Carrierwave is done if you do not remove...

This is useful if, for example, you want to use a background-image that has to scale with the width and the div should only have the height of the picture.

html:

<div class="outer">
  <div class="inner">
  </div>
</div>

css:

.outer {
  width: 100%;
  background-image: image-url('background.png');
  background-size: cover;
}
  
.inner {
  padding-top: 60%;
}

How does it work?

There are several CSS attributes that can handle values as percentage. But they use different other attributes as "reference value...

When you load a dump for development, records may reference images that are not available on your machine.

Requests to those images may end up on your application, e.g. if a catch-all route is defined that leads to a controller doing some heavy lifting. On pages with lots of missing images, this slows down development response times.

You can fix that by defining a Rails route like this:

if Rails.env.development?
  scope format: true, constraints: { format: /jpg|png|gif/ } do
    get '/*anything', to: proc { [404, {}, ['']] }

...

Some pseudo-elements need to be addressed with vendor prefixes. E.g. ::selection is not supported by Firefox, you need to use ::-moz-selection instead.

What you cannot do is to define a single CSS rule to address both the standard and vendor-prefixed form:

::selection, ::-moz-selection {
  background-color: red;
}

This rule will be ignored by all browsers. The reason is that if a browser doe...