Rails is split into a large number of (sub-) frameworks.

The most important and central of those are

• activesupport (extends the Ruby standard library)
• activerecord / activemodel (ORM for Rails)
• actionview / actionpack (controller / views)
• actionmailer (sends mails)

However, there are also some more situational frameworks included, such as

• actioncable (real time communications using websockets)
• actionmailbox (receives mails)
• actiontext (support for WYSIWYG text editor)
• activejob (background jobs)
• activestorage (file uplo...

Sometimes, due to git or other "accidents", important files get deleted or overwritten.

At a state when even Ctrl+Z doesn't work anymore, you maybe can rescue your files with RubyMines "Local History"-Feature!

To do this try the following:

• If the file got deleted, recreate a new empty file with the same name on the exact same place
• Open that file in the editor
• Go to RubyMine and click on VCS -> Local History -> Show History
• In the now open window, you should see all greater changes made to the File, even before it got deleted/temp...

webpack is a very powerful asset bundler written in node.js to bundle (ES6) JavaScript modules, stylesheets, images, and other assets for consumption in browsers.

Webpacker is a wrapper around webpack that handles integration with Rails.

This is a short introduction.

Installation

If you haven't already, you need to install node.js and Yarn.

Then, put

gem 'webpacker', '~> 4.x' # check if 4.x is still cu...

git apply allows you to apply a diff onto your HEAD. Most often you can achieve the same result with a rebase & merge.

Example:

master                commit1 - commit3
feature-branch                \ commit2 - commit4

git checkout feature-branch
git reset --hard commit3
git diff ..commit4 | git apply

master                commit1 - commit3
feature-branch                          \ Unstaged commit 2 & 4

You can also [create a patch and apply it afterwards](https://makandracards.com/makandra/2521-git-how-to...

Element finding is a central feature of Capybara. Since #find is normally used to get elements from the current page and interact with them, it's a good thing that some Capybara drivers (e.g. Selenium) will wait an amount of time until the expected element shows up. But if Capybara cannot #find it at all, you'll get an error.

if page.find('.that-element')
  # Do something
else
  # Never happens because #find raises
end

In order to simply check whether an element is present, without errors raised, you can use #has_css?. It...

The goal is to get Jasmine specs running in a Rails project using Webpacker, with the browser based test runner. Should be easily adaptable to a pure Webpack setup.

Step 1: Install Jasmine

yarn add jasmine-core

Step 2: Add two separate packs

Since we do not want to mix Jasmine into our regular Javascript, we will create two additional packs. The first only contains Jasmine and the test runner. The second will contain our normal application code and the specs themselves.

We cannot...

Katapult was an endeavor to dramatically speed up starting a new Rails application. However, it turned out to save less time than expected, while requiring more time for maintenance than anticipated. Since its benefits fell too low, we have decided to not continue developing Katapult.

You can still use Katapult for generating ready-to-run applications with model CRUD, authentication and all of Katapult's features, but the rapid development of the web will quickly render the generated code antiquated. Nevertheless, its architecture may remai...

Cucumber up to version 2 had a neat feature called Step Argument Transforms which was dropped in favor of Cucumber 3 ParameterTypes. While I strongly encourage you to drop your legacy Transforms when upgrading to Cucumber 3, it might not always be possible due to their different design.
This is a guide on how to keep the exact same functionality of your old Transforms while writing them in the style of new `Paramet...

Until Capybara 2, node finders that accept a text option were able to find nodes based on rendered text, even if it spans over multiple elements in the HTML. Imagine a page that includes this HTML:

<div class='haystack'>
  Hi!
  <br>
  Try to match me.
</div>

Even though the text is separated by a <br> tag in the HTML, it is matched until Capybara 2 which used to "squish" text prior to the comparison.

# Capyabara 1 or 2
page.find(...

Download buttons can be difficult to test, especially with Selenium. Depending on browser, user settings and response headers, one of three things can happen:

• The browser shows a "Save as..." dialog. Since it is a modal dialog, we can no longer communicate with the browser through Selenium.
• The browser automatically downloads the file without prompting the user. For the test it looks like nothing has happened.
• The browser shows a binary document in its own window, like a PDF. Capybara/Selenium freaks out because there is no HTML docum...

If you struggle with a /boot partition that is too small for updates, and you are too intimidated by the way to resize your /boot partition, there might be an easier fix:

It is possible to configure a better compression algorithm for the images in /boot. To do this, edit /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf and change the existing line to

COMPRESS=xz

Then rebuild the images using

sudo update-initramfs -u -k all

If you get an error during the last step, please immediately get help, because otherwise...

Along with a number of other cool new features and performance improvements, Ruby 2.6 added function composition to the Proc and Method classes. Today we’ll take a look at how this allows us to use some functional programming goodness in our Ruby code.

Was ist Elastic?

• Suchmaschine, basierend auf Apache Lucene
• größtenteils Open-Source
• einige kommerzielle Features ("Elastic Stack", früher "X-Pack")
  • Zugriffsrechte (bis vor kurzen)
  • Monitoring
  • Reporting
  • Graph-Unterstützung
  • Machine Learning
• REST-Api (JSON über HTTP)

Grundlagen

Elastic antwortet per Default auf Port 9200

http GET :9200

{
  "name": "ntK2ZrY",
  "cluster_name": "elasticsearch",
  "cluster_uuid": "Bbc-ix5bQZij5vfFU29-Cw",
  "version": {
    "number": "6.7.1",
    "build_flavor": "...

PostCSS is a tool for transforming styles with JS plugins. In Webpacker you can configure the plugins and their settings via the postcss.config.js file. Make sure that postcss-loader is part of your package.json.

module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    require('postcss-import'),
    require('postcss-flexbugs-fixes'),
    require('postcss-preset-env')({
      autoprefixer: {
        flexbox: 'no-2009'
      },
      stage: 3
    })
  ]
}

Note: Stage 3 means you can use all CSS features that ar...

When doing some meta-programming magic and you want to do something for all attributes of a class, you may need to access connection or some of its methods (e.g. columns) during class definition.

While everything will be fine while you are working on a project that is in active development, the application will fail to boot when the database is missing or has no tables. This means that Raketasks like db:create or db:migrate fail on a freshly cloned project.

The reason is your environment.rb which is loaded for Raketasks and calls...

This is a short overview of things that are required to upgrade a project from the Asset Pipeline to Webpacker. Expect this upgrade to take a few days even the diff is quite small afterwards.

Preparations

1. Find all libraries that are bundled with the asset pipeline. You can check the application.js and the application.css for require and import statements. The source of a library is most often a gem or a vendor directory.
2. Find an working example for each library in the application and write it down.
3. Find out the ver...

Webpacker is Rails' way of integrating Webpack, and version 4 has been released just a few days ago, allowing us to use Webpack 4.

I successfully upgraded an existing real-world Webpack 3 application. Below are notes on everything that I encountered.
Note that we prefer not using the Rails asset pipeline at all and serving all assets through Webpack for the sake of consistency.

Preparations

• Remove version locks in Gemfile for webpacker
• Remove version locks in package.json for webpack and webpack-dev-server
• Install by ca...

1. Class-level process definitions are only applied to the original file
2. Versions are generated based on the processed original file
3. Callbacks (before/after) are applied to original file and each version by itself
4. Under the hood, a version is an instance of the uploader class that has no versions
5. Version uploader and original uploader can be distinguished by checking #version_name: version uploaders return the version name, whereas the original uploader instance returns nil
6. Version instances do not have a re...

If your app does not need to support IE11, you can use most ES6 features without a build step. Just deliver your plain JavaScript without transpilation through Babel or TypeScript, and modern browsers will run them natively.

Features supported by all modern browsers include:

• fat arrow functions (() => { expr })
• let / const
• class
• async / await
• Promises
• Generators
• Symbols
• Rest arguments (...args)
• Destructuring

You won't be able to use import and export, or use npm modules.

See this [ES6 compatibility mat...

Cucumber factory supports polymorphic associations out of the box. Just keep in mind that you need to use named associations for this purpose.

class Person < ApplicationModel
  has_many :buildings, inverse_of: :owner
end

class Company < ApplicationModel
  has_many :buildings, inverse_of: :owner
end

class Building < ApplicationModel
  belongs_to :owner, optional: true, polymorphic: true
end

Works

Given there is a person with the name "Nice person"
  And there is a bui...

Cucumber has an output format that prints step definitions only. You can use this to find unused ones:

1. Temporarily add require_relative 'env' to the top of the first file in features/support. --dry-run makes Cucumber skip loading env.rb.
2. Open a really wide terminal window.
3. bundle exec cucumber --dry-run --format stepdefs | grep -B1 'NOT MATCHED' --no-group-separator | grep features/step_definitions

This will print all unused step definitions from your project – however, the result will include false positives. Step...