SameSite cookies
TL;DR Most web applications do not require action on this. SameSite=None (old browser default) will continue to work, and SameSite=Lax (new Chrome default, gradually rolled out) is an even better default for cookies. Set SameSite=Strict only for extra security in special cases (see below). If your application is rendered in an iframe (e.g. a video player or some news stream), you need to configure its relevant cookies as SameSite=None.
The SameSite cookie attribute targets cross-origin requests. It defines under which circumstances a cookie should be sent to the server, putting cookies into three different classes:
SameSite=None
Send the cookie whenever a request is made to the cookie domain, be it cross-origin or on the same site, from the page or from an iframe. This is how cookies have behaved the last decades.
SameSite=Lax
Only send the cookie in a first-party context (meaning the URL in the address bar matches the cookie domain). Do not send it with the following cross-origin requests: non-GET, AJAX, iframe, image requests etc. It saves the user from cross-site request forgery.
SameSite=Strict
Only send the cookie if the request was initiated from the cookie domain. The cookie will not be sent if the user e.g. opens a link from an email. Strict is a good idea e.g. for an CSRF cookie.
A cookie without the SameSite attribute will currently be handled as if it was sent with SameSite=None. However, Google announced to start enforcing usage of the SameSite attribute in Chrome in February 2020, meaning it will handle cookies without the SameSite attribute as if they were sent with SameSite=Lax.
What this means for web development
If your application is running on a single domain without any cross-origin communication, you're fine: nothing to do.
Chrome moving to SameSite=Lax as default forces web developers to handle this change. Considering its market share, other browser vendors will move along.
A good default is SameSite=Lax. In fact, you can add SameSite=Lax to all set cookies and it will run just fine in the most cases. Some breaking use cases to watch out for:
Rendering in an iframe
When your application (or parts of it) are rendered inside an iframe, SameSite=Lax cookies will not be sent along with requests of the iframe (unless the iframe is embedded on its own domain). If you need cookies in an iframe context, set SameSite=None to disable the protective behavior.
Cross-domain API
When you're offering an API that is queried from browsers on various domains, SameSite=Lax will prevent your cookies to be sent along. Set SameSite=None on cookies you need to receive on the API.
Cross-domain non-GET requests
A Lax cookie will not be sent with POST, DELETE, OPTIONS or any other request. If you need an authentication cookie on these, you must either make the cookie SameSite=None or SameSite=Strict.
Incompatible clients
: A few web browsers have issues:
- Chrome 51-66: blocks cookies with
SameSite=None - UC browser < 12.13.2 on Android: blocks cookies with
SameSite=None - iOS 12 (all browsers): treat cookies with
SameSite=NonelikeSameSite=Strict - Safari on Mac OS 10.14 Mojave: : treats cookies with
SameSite=NonelikeSameSite=Strict
How to set a SameSite cookie
Rails (session configuration)
In config/initializers/session_store.rb, add the options secure: true, same_site: :strict|:lax. To set :none you need Rack 2 (i.e. Rails 5).
Rails
Custom cookies are set with cookies[:cookie_name] = 'value' or = { value: 'value', path: '/path' }. Use the latter version and add
Javascript (using js-cookie)
Make sure you're using at least 2.2.0. Set a cookie with options secure: true, samesite: 'strict|lax|none'.
Testing in advance
To test the effect of the new Chrome behavior on your site or cookies you manage, you can go to chrome://flags in Chrome 76+ and enable the “SameSite by default cookies” and “Cookies without SameSite must be secure” experiments.
Selected Resources
- A good overview in German
- Prose spec of the SameSite attribute, illustrated
- A sceptical view on the topic
- RFC
- How to debug SameSite Cookie issues
