Definition

A matcher is a function that returns an object with a compare key. Usually it is registered with beforeEach:

beforeEach(() => {
  jasmine.addMatchers({
  
    // Example matcher
    toBeAnything() {
      return {
        compare(actualValue, ...matcherArguments) {
           // Do some computations here ...
         
           // Return whether the actualValue matches the expectation
           return {pass: true}
         }
      }
    }
  })
})

Usage

expect(actualValue).toBeAnything(...matcherArguments)

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When a matcher is invoked, Jasmine will call its compare() function with the actualValue, followed by any arguments passed to the matcher. It should process them to determine whether the expectation is fulfilled, and return an object with a pass: true/false pair.

As you can see in the linked article, the object returned by compare() supports a few more options Show archive.org snapshot , e.g. setting a helpful failure message.

Definition location

I suggest putting generic matchers into spec/javascripts/support/matchers/, and specific matchers into the file where they're needed.

Note: There are collections of Jasmine matchers Show archive.org snapshot you could reuse. As always, avoid including huge libraries when you're only using a single feature of them. You might just copy the matchers you need over to your project.