Ubuntu 18.04 uses systemd to manage services.
There are basically two commands for listing all services and manipulating the state of a certain service: service and systemctl:
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servicemanages System V init scripts -
systemctlcontrols the state of the systemd system and service manager. It is backwards compatible to System V and includes the System V services
Therefore I prefer to use systemctl.
See which services are there
>systemctl list-units -a --type=service
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION
accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service
acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon
alsa-restore.service loaded active exited Save/Restore Sound Card State
alsa-state.service loaded inactive dead Manage Sound Card State (restore and store)
anacron.service loaded inactive dead Run anacron jobs
apache-htcacheclean.service loaded active running Disk Cache Cleaning Daemon for Apache HTTP Server
apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server
apparmor.service loaded active exited AppArmor initialization
apport-autoreport.service loaded inactive dead Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled
apport.service loaded active exited LSB: automatic crash report generation
apt-daily-upgrade.service loaded inactive dead Daily apt upgrade and clean activities
apt-daily.service loaded inactive dead Daily apt download activities
avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack
avahi-dnsconfd.service loaded inactive dead Avahi DNS Configuration Daemon
blk-availability.service loaded active exited Availability of block devices
bluetooth.service loaded active running Bluetooth service
...
-
-a/--allwill show you all units (without that, inactive units are omitted) -
--type=servicewill show you only services (there are other types Show archive.org snapshot , too)
Manage Services
To temporarily start or stop an service, you can use :
systemctl start <name>systemctl stop <name>
To prevent a service from being started e.g. on boot, you have to disable it. Likewise, if you want a service to be started on boot, you have to enable it:
systemctl enable <name>systemctl disable <name>
If you disable a running service, it will not be stopped. It will just not be started on the next boot. So if you want to stop a service now and disable it, you have to do both steps:
Example: Stop and disable bluetooth
>systemctl list-units -a --type=service | grep bluetooth
bluetooth.service loaded active running Bluetooth service
>sudo systemctl stop bluetooth.service
>systemctl list-units -a --type=service | grep bluetooth
bluetooth.service loaded inactive dead Bluetooth service >sudo systemctl disable bluetooth
>sudo systemctl disable bluetooth.service
Synchronizing state of bluetooth.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install disable bluetooth
insserv: warning: current start runlevel(s) (empty) of script `bluetooth' overrides LSB defaults (2 3 4 5).
insserv: warning: current stop runlevel(s) (0 1 2 3 4 5 6) of script `bluetooth' overrides LSB defaults (0 1 6).
insserv: warning: current start runlevel(s) (empty) of script `bluetooth' overrides LSB defaults (2 3 4 5).
insserv: warning: current stop runlevel(s) (0 1 2 3 4 5 6) of script `bluetooth' overrides LSB defaults (0 1 6).
service / System V
If you don't want to use systemd's systemctl, you can also manage the System V init scripts with the service command. Note that non system V services will not be listed and you can not manage them with service.
To get an overview which system V init scripts are available and running / not running, you can use service --status-all:
>service --status-all
[ + ] acpid
[ - ] alsa-utils
[ - ] anacron
[ + ] apache-htcacheclean
[ - ] apache2
[ + ] apparmor
[ + ] apport
[ + ] avahi-daemon
[ + ] avahi-dnsconfd
[ - ] bluetooth
...
+ means running, - means not running, ? means unknown
Manage Services
To temporarily start or stop an service, you can use:
service <name> startservice <name> stop
The other commands that are available with service depend on the service.