Show and change MySQL default character set
To show the MySQL default character set you have to login to the MySQL console and execute SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'char%';
Copymysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'char%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | latin1 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
If you want to change it for example to uft8 you have to add this
Copydefault-character-set = utf8
to the client, mysqld_safe, mysqld and mysqldump section (may differ depending on configuration) in your my.cnf and restart the mysql daemon.
Note: For MySQL > 5.6 default-character-set
is not valid and you need to use character-set-server
instead. Check you error log if mysql start leads to a timeout.
After this check if the default character set changed
Copymysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'char%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
It should all changed to utf8 or you have forgotten something.
You can check the default collation with SHOW CHARACTER SET WHERE CHARSET = 'utf8';
Copymysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET WHERE CHARSET = 'utf8'; +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 36 rows in set (0.00 sec)
If your character set is utf8 your default collation is utf8_general_ci.
Does your version of Ruby on Rails still receive security updates?
Rails LTS provides security patches for unsupported versions of Ruby on Rails (2.3, 3.2, 4.2 and 5.2).