One rule of thumb I try to follow in capybara tests is using capybara matchers and not plain rspec matchers.

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One example:

visit(some_page)
text_field = find('.textfield')
expect(text_field['value']).to match /pattern/

This can work, but is too brittle and flaky. match will not retry or synchronize the value of text_field.

The equivalent code with a capybara matcher:

visit(some_page)
expect(page).to have_field('.textfield', with: /pattern/)

have_field will retry for and synchronize the text_field.