Customizing Rails error messages for models and attributes

Rails has generic error messages you can define in your locale .yml files. You may override those application-wide error messages using model or attribute scope like this:

en:
  activerecord:
    errors:
      messages:
        invalid: is invalid # used for any invalid attribute in the application
      models:
        car:
          invalid: does not work # used for invalid car attributes
          attributes:
            driver:
              invalid: not allowed to drive # used if the car's driver attribute is invalid