When you use heredoc, string interpolation is enabled by default:

x = "Universe"
<<-MESSAGE
  Hello #{x}
MESSAGE
# => "Hello Universe"

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This may be impractical sometimes. To avoid interpolation in heredoc strings, simply enclose your heredoc marker with single quotes:

x = "Universe"
<<-'MESSAGE'
  Hello #{x}
MESSAGE
# => "Hello #{x}"

That will make the string behave like a single-quoted string, so sequences like \n will be used as they are. You don't need to escape single quotes in your heredoc string (just in case you were wondering).

Bonus: You can also use backticks to send shell commands:

<<-`MESSAGE`
  hostname
  whoami
MESSAGE
# => "happycat\narne\n"