find out which processes using swap

Wondering which processes are placed in your swap you can use this bash oneliner:

for file in /proc/*/status ; do awk '/VmSwap|Name/{printf $2 " " $3}END{ print ""}' $file; done | sort -k 2 -n -r

You will see the swap usage of each process sorted by the highes amount of swap usage.

Please don't forget that swap usage of a process isn't an indicator for high memory usage of this process but for the frequency of access or activity of it. The kernel tries to avoid swapping pages which were recently accessed.

Also you should notic...

cyberciti.biz

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start tcpdump log on high traffic

Logging tcpdump output all the time can create a huge amount of data. This can be both: too much data size on HDD and tiring to analyze. You can run a script in a screen which checks out the packages transfered per second and start a tcpdump when the packages exceed a fixed number.

#!/usr/bin/env bash

interface=eth0
dumpdir=/tmp/
packet_threshold=5000
log_packets=100000

while /bin/true; do
  pkt_old=`grep $interface: /proc/net/dev | cut -d :  -f2 | awk '{ print $2 }'`
  sleep 1
  pkt_new=`grep $interface: /proc/net/dev | cut -d :  -f...

serverfault.com

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Sending TCP keepalives in Ruby

When you make a simple TCP connection to a remote server (like telnet), your client won't normally notice when the connection is unexpectly severed on the remote side. E.g. if someone would disconnect a network cable from the server you're connected to, no client would notice. It would simply look like nothing is being sent.

You can detect remote connection loss by configuring your client socket to send TCP keepalive signals after some period of inactivity. If those signals are not acknowledged by the other side, your client will terminat...

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Matching unicode characters in a Ruby (1.9+) regexp

On Ruby 1.9+, standard ruby character classes like \w, \d will only match 7-Bit ASCII characters:

"foo" =~ /\w+/   # matches "foo"
"füü" =~ /\w+/   # matches "f", ü is not 7-Bit ASCII

There is a collection of character classes that will match unicode characters. From the documentation:

/[[:alnum:]]/ Alphabetic and numeric character
/[[:alpha:]]/ Alphabetic character
/[[:blank:]]/ Space or tab
/[[:cntrl:]]/ Control character
/[[:digit:]]/ Digit
/[[:graph:]]/ Non-blank character (excludes spaces...

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whenever: Preview the crontab

If you'd like to preview the crontab that whenever will deploy, run the following:

bundle exec whenever

This will print the cron syntax without modifying your local crontab.

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Parallel Rspec with RTeX

Running projects parallel makes some trouble with PDF generation. Use geordi rspec spec to force sequential tests for the whole application or failed specs only.

geordi rspec

RTeX::Document::GenerationError in '...'
Could not find result PDF document.pdf after generation.
Check .../document.log

The document will show you, that RTeX tries to generate a PDF document out of a HTML file, which won't work.

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Make timestamp of dmesg in Ubuntu human readable

dmesg shows the kernel ring buffer containing low-level system messages.
Per default, dmesg shows a timestamp:

12:59:26 fnordomator ~ > dmesg | tail
[101925.211846] usb 2-1.1: USB disconnect, device number 16
[110486.855788] usb 2-1.1: new high-speed USB device number 17 using ehci_hcd

If you're a human, use dmesg -T to print the timestamp human readable:

12:59:31 fnordomator ~ > dmesg -T | tail
[Di Apr 21 12:43:16 2015] usb 2-1.1: USB disconnect, device number 16
[Di Apr 21 15:05:57 2015] usb 2-1.1: new hig...

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Fontawesome 4+ icon naming conventions

Fontawesome 4 has introduced new naming conventions that make it easy to retrieve variants of a given icon.

The format is:

fa-[name]-[alt]-[shape]-[o]-[direction]

Note that this is a naming convention which doesn't imply there's an icon for any combination of tags.

name

The name of the icon, e.g. comment, print, bookmark etc. See the full list.

alt

An alternative icon.

shape

The icon inside a circle or square.

o

An outlined ...

yoyo.io

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AngularJS Cheat Sheet (PDF)

This cheat sheet ... aims at providing a quick reference to
the most commonly used features in AngularJS.

dncmagazine.blob.core.windows.net

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grosser/rspec-instafail

Gem to show failing specs instantly.
Unlike the --fail-fast option it doesn't abort abort on the first failure, but keeps running other examples after print out the failure.

I haven't tried it with parallel_tests.

github.com

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Installing Adobe Reader on Ubuntu

Adobe no longer supports their PDF reader on Linux and the official page does not offer it for download. \
However, some files may not display properly on Ubuntu's default PDF reader Evince or PDF forms may not work as expected. Hence, you may still need to use it.

Here is how to install the Adobe Reader (acroread) if you need to:

Download the .deb archive from the Adobe servers (yes, it's still there):

cd /tmp && wget http://ardownload.adobe.com/pub/adobe/reader/unix/9.x/9.5.5/enu/AdbeRdr9.5.5-1_i386linux_enu.deb

I...

askubuntu.com

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Bootstrap: How to avoid printing link URLs

By default, Twitter Bootstrap's print styles include printing links.

/* Bootstrap's way of printing URLs */
@media print {
  a[href]:after {
    content: " (" attr(href) ")";
  }
}

If you want to turn that off, you can do

/* Don't print link hrefs */
@media print {
  a[href]:after {
    content: none
  }
}

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Fixing tlmgr cannot setup TLPDB

tlmgr is the TeX Live Manager and responsible for the TeX installation on your (Linux) machine.

If you're getting the message:

(running on Debian, switching to user mode!)
cannot setup TLPDB in /home/dominik/texmf at /usr/bin/tlmgr line 5336.

... tlmgr has not been initialized. Run this to initialize it:

tlmgr init-usertree

Then, you may set e.g. a global paper size standard: tlmgr paper a4.

tex.stackexchange.com

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How to repair a corrupt PDF

If you have issues with PDFs, fix them like this: pdftk <corrupted_file>.pdf output <fixed_file>.pdf

Background

I had an issue where an included PDF would not show up in a document created with xelatex. This is the relevant line of LaTeX code:

  \AddToShipoutPicture*{ \includegraphics[width=21cm]{/home/dominik/code/ihero/public/system/stationery/original/stationery.pdf} }

The included PDF is a stationery for invoices which users can upload themselves. It did work until someone updated their stationery with a nearly-iden...

blog.idrsolutions.com

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How to install the `xelatex` binary on Ubuntu 14.04

Just install the texlive-xetex package:

sudo apt-get install texlive-xetex

Running integration tests without texlive-xetex will produce an error during xelatex execution:

RTeX::Document::ExecutableNotFoundError

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When Sass-generated stylesheets print a Encoding::CompatibilityError

We upgraded a Rails 2 application to Rails 3.2 and Ruby 2.1, changed the mysql adapter from mysql to mysql2, but did not activitate the asset pipeline. Instead we used Sass the old-school way (stylesheets in public/sass/*.sass) and relied on stylesheet_link_tag to activate the Sass compiler.

Now all Sass-generated stylesheets inserted the following text into body:before:

Encoding::CompatibilityError: incompatible character encodings: UTF-8 and ASCII-8BIT

I could get rid of this by removing all generated .css files in `...

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pdfkit/wkhtmltopdf: When a header is invisible

If you're using the :header_html option in PDFKit (or the corresponding --header-html option in wkhtmltopdf), and the header remains invisible, you need to add this to your header HTML:

<!doctype html>

The same applies to footers via footer_html

I'm sorry.

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Linux: Running a program with a different locale than your default

When your system is not running on English, you may sometimes want to run some applications and not use your system locale.
Use cases are scripts that parse output, or just using the (possibly) more common English labels or error messages. Here is how to do that.

I will use the date command and print the current weekday, just for the sake of an example.

Changing the locale using environment variables

Most often, setting LC_ALL for your command should be enough. The following was run on a system using a German locale.

$ date +%...

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What we know about PDFKit

What PDFKit is

PDFKit converts a web page to a PDF document. It uses a Webkit engine under the hood.
For you as a web developer this means you can keep using the technology you are familar with and don't need to learn LaTeX. All you need is a pretty print-stylesheet.

How to use it from your Rails application

You can have PDFKit render a website by simply calling PDFKit.new('http://google.com').to_file('google.pdf'). You can then send the...

github.com

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PSA: Umlauts are not always what they seem to be

When you have a string containing umlauts which don't behave as expected (are not matched with a regexp, can't be found with an SQL query, do not print correctly on LaTeX documents, etc), you may be encountering umlauts which are not actually umlaut characters.

They look, depending on the font, like their "real" umlaut counterpart:

ä ↔ ä
ö ↔ ö
ü ↔ ü

However, they are not the same:

>> 'ä' == 'ä'
=> false
>> 'ä'.size
=> 1
>> 'ä'.size
=> 2

Looking at how those strings are constructed reveals what is going...

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Lightweight PDF viewer: MuPDF

MuPDF is a PDF reader that renders very quickly, yet still correctly.

It supports PDF 1.7 and all the fancy shenanigans that evince (Ubuntu's default PDF reader) fails to render properly.

On Ubuntu, MuPDF is available in the Universe sources. Simply install via APT:

sudo apt-get install mupdf

Interaction primarily happens via keyboard, but there is basic mouse support.\
See the manpage for more details on navigating.

One downside: There is no printing support, so if...

mupdf.com

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A Ruby script that installs all gems it is missing

So you want your Ruby script to install missing gems instead of dying? Take this method:

def installing_missing_gems(&block)
  yield
rescue LoadError => e
  gem_name = e.message.split('--').last.strip
  install_command = 'gem install ' + gem_name
  
  # install missing gem
  puts 'Probably missing gem: ' + gem_name
  print 'Auto-install it? [yN] '
  gets.strip =~ /y/i or exit(1)
  system(install_command) or exit(1)
  
  # retry
  Gem.clear_paths
  puts 'Trying again ...'
  require gem_name
  retry
end

Use it like this:

insta...

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Rails 2: Refuse response formats application-wide

If you regularly get ActionView::MissingTemplate exceptions, maybe some bot visits your site requesting silly formats like:

http://www.rails-app.com/makandra.html-username-2000 # => Rails tries to retrieve 'makandra' with format 'html-username-2000'

Just restrict accepted format parameters for the whole application like this:

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base

  before_filter :refuse_silly_formats

  private

  def refuse_silly_formats
    acceptable_formats = %w[html xml pdf]

    if par...

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Linux: How to print PDF files from the command line

Sometimes you may want to print files from the command line, especially when you have lots of them.
You can use lp for that.

To print a single example.pdf file on your default printer, simply say:

lp example.pdf

lp accepts multiple filenames, so to print all PDF files in the current directory:

lp *.pdf

You can specify a printer via the -d switch:

lp -d YOUR_PRINTER_NAME *.pdf

Your printer's name is then one you defined on your system. You can check with your CUPS configuration by visiting <http://localhost:631/...

linux.die.net

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